HA7 - Applications of 3D

Applications of 3D

Games

This shows some examples on what 3d gaming is about and what it looks like and shows details on the effects of 3d on how the object or something appears in front of you, it also explains how the characters interact with one another and shows it in detailed, for example it could be driving, fighting, fps shooter, it has that detailed show to the individual characters within them.

I've also done my own 3d assets:

These are just examples on what I did on blender for my 3d assets I'm currently using them for my final major project, these assets were made on blender software and started off using the blocks to work from an manipulate it from there and near the end adding textures so it would be a lot more detailed.

TV



Shows a demo video on what a 3d TV animation looks like popping out and shows the differences between two screens and shows it in detail on what it is about, also with that showing off the bright bold colours that sticks out, it gives that 3d effect which makes it look like it's coming out of the screen, gives that illusion of something or someone is popping out.

Film



This shows the top lists on what the best 3d animation they're are in films and shows them by detailed textured it shows the animations move on the animated characters in the films, specially the effects that they put on and make the animated characters interact and turn the characters into a film which makes it really interesting on how they do that. But with the film using real life characters the special effects that they use are unbelievable on how it can make things look really outstanding yet fit perfect within the characters roll.

Education



This shows the detail aspects on the human body and explain what parts are by showing a 3d animation about a male body and shows the insides like organs, blood vessel, brain. They would use this to show maybe in a hospital, going for an x-ray scan and checking if there's any major problems with your body, this will maybe scan your whole body which makes it really interesting on how they show each individual parts of the human body.

Medicine



This one shows the animation on what cancer cells look like in a 3d animation and what it does and this explains what affects it and how it affects our body. This is one of the best examples showing the cancer cells as example, yet interesting to watch and knowing about it and what happens as it flows between our body and blood cells, this makes the animation on how the cells develop and turn into cancer, again these examples would be used in hospitals or medical reasons.

Engineering



This shows animations on what a 3d engineer is like and shows the movements on what it does this shows it in a simple but basic repetitive animation, a really understanding short clip which allows a simple lego animation of an engine this would be shown as an example for maybe an engineering course on how an engine would work.

Architecture



This shows a video example on what a 3d architecture looks like this could be used as a builder designer that is demonstrating on what the building might look like and see if the people might agree on what the person is building, or maybe an architecture showing an example house, building or shed, this is the type of software that they might use to show off and make it clear for the audiences.

Product Design



This shows a person drawing on what the design might look like and what product it is and it might be like a rough sketch and could fix the final design afterwards this is used by a 3d animation on what product looks likes, this would perhaps start off as a simple 2d drawing of an idea that you might have as a prototype then build it along by building it in a software, this software allows you to show off the designs that you made into a monitor screen and this would be helpful in maybe building a house or furniture's for the house or even buildings and furniture's also in the build and maybe even equipment.

3D Printing



This explains about the aspects of 3d printing and what it does and how it works and also how it demonstrates how easy to make any type of objects, this would be useful in different types of basis like replicating and display statue, small objects like a mug, cup. The technology on 3d printing is mind blowing on how it was first developed and shown to the public they were astounded when they head that it can create/copy any object.

Characters in 3d:

Gaming 3d, there are different types of 3d characters within the video games, you might get characters like in a human form, some would be creatures, monsters or even animals. This is just an example for what it's like having a 3d character.


http://media.indiedb.com/images/games/1/15/14848/Demo_Main_Character_LP_by_Luke.jpg

These are the examples on what I got for 3d character, I made my own for a project that we did:





This is the 3d robot that I did for my character, it was the companion for our project to make a 3d companion, I came up with this design, it was quite block but that was the whole purpose of it making a classic robot style.

3D Environments:

We've also done a project on our environments and with this I chose a modern house and had to make the assets on modeler and by that making the objects in weird shapes and sizes, then finally capture everything in a video and this was the final results I got.

HA7 - Displaying 3D Polygon Animations

API

In computer programming, an application programming interface API is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. An API expresses a software component in terms of its operations, inputs, outputs, and underlying types. An API defines functionalities that are independent of their respective implementations, which allows definitions and implementations to vary without compromising each other. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks. A programmer then puts the blocks together.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface

Direct 3D

Direct3D is an application programming interface API created by Microsoft that is used to render three dimensional objects. Introduced with the DirectX API it allows these objects to be rendered without sacrificing performance. Additionally, it allows software applications, including games to be run in full screen mode. If a video card is available Direct3D can utilize hardware acceleration. Although it is owned by Microsoft it can work with other platforms by using Wine, an open source program.

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/direct3d.htm

OpenGL

OpenGL open graphics library is the computer industry's standard application program interface API for defining 2D and 3D graphic images. Prior to OpenGL any company developing a graphical application typically had to rewrite the graphics part of it for each operating system platform and had to be cognizant of the graphics hardware as well. With OpenGL an application can create the same effects in any operating system using any OpenGL adhering graphics adapter.
OpenGL specifies a set of "commands" or immediately executed functions. Each command directs a drawing action or causes special effects.

 A list of these commands can be created for repetitive effects. OpenGL is independent of the windowing characteristics of each operating system, but provides special glue routines for each operating system that enable OpenGL to work in that system's windowing environment. OpenGL comes with a large number of built in capabilities request able through the API. These include hidden surface removal, alpha blending transparency, anti aliasing , texture mapping, pixel operations, viewing and modelling transformations, and atmospheric effects fog, smoke, and haze.

Silicon Graphics, makers of advanced graphics workstations, initiated the development of OpenGL. Other companies on the industry-wide Architecture Review Board include DEC, Intel, IBM, Microsoft, and Sun Micro systems. There is no cost other than learning to developing an application using the OpenGL API. Microsoft offers free downloads of the OpenGL libraries for its Windows systems. Although OpenGL is not itself a development "tool-kit," such tool-kits are available, including Silicon Graphics object-oriented programming 3D graphics tool-kit, Open Inventor.

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/OpenGL-Open-Graphics-Library

Graphic Pipeline

In 3D graphics rendering, the stages required to transform a three dimensional image into a two dimensional screen. The stages are responsible for processing information initially provided just as properties at the end points vertices or control points of the geometric primitives used to describe what is to be rendered. The typical primitives in 3D graphics are lines and triangles. The type of properties provided per vertex include x-y-z coordinates, RGB values, translucency, texture, reflectivity and other characteristics.

http://common.ziffdavisinternet.com/encyclopedia_images/GRAFPIPE.GIF

Geometric Primitives

The term geometric primitive in computer graphics and CAD systems is used in various senses, with the common meaning of the simplest  atomic or irreducible geometric objects that the system can handle draw store. Sometimes the subroutines that draw the corresponding objects are called geometric primitives as well. The most primitive primitives are point and straight line segment, which were all that early vector graphics systems had. In constructive solid geometry, primitives are simple geometric shapes such as a cube, cylinder, sphere, cone,pyramid, torus.

https://cshusteridd410.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/geo_primitives1.jpg

Camera Transformation
Transform the 3d world coordinate system then into the 3d camera coordinate system.

Lighting
Flat at vertices but do not interpolate colours. Gouraud at vertices, with interpolated colour. Phong at fragments, with interpolated normals

Transformation
Transformation the canonical view volume to the pixel coordinates of the screen also resale the Z coordinates in the 0 to 1 range and perspective divide is often performed.

Clipping
This is the primitives that now falls outside of the viewing frustum and will not be visible and that will be discarded on this type of stage.

Conversion and Rasterization
Rasterization is processed by which of the 2d image that is  space representation of the scene is converted into a raster that is formatted and the correct pixel values are determined on operations and will be carried out on each single pixel. The stage is more complex that involves multiple steps that often refereed as a huge group under called of the pixel pipeline.

Texturing, Fragment & Shading
The stage of the pipeline individual fragments are assigned by a coloured based on what the values of the interpolated from the vertices during the rasterization from the texture on the memory and from the shader program on it.

Display
This shows like the final design coloured pixel that can be displayed on a computer screen or other screen displays.

HA7 - Geometric Theory

Geometry

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of  numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a coordinate axis or just axis of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin, usually at ordered pair (0, 0). The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from the origin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

This video shows a calculus three dimensional coordinates systems about the axis x and y

3D Geometric Modelling

Different applications require different representations: some applications use only simple geometric entities such as lines and arcs; others require sculptured curves and surfaces; manifold solids are often used for mechanical design; solids composed of different materials for 3D modelling and finite element analysis, non-closed objects or objects with internal structures for crash analysis.

https://whoschungy.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/lowpoly_base_heads-e1287775987923.jpg

Primitives

The most common 3D primitives are cubes, pyramids, cones, spheres, and tori. Like 2D shapes, these primitives can have a resolution level assigned to them so that you can make them look smoother by boosting the number of sides and steps used to define them.


http://www.webreference.com/3d/cararra/images/fig1_12.jpg

Surface

Surface, In geometry, a two-dimensional collection of points flat surface, a three dimensional collection of points whose cross section is a curve curved surface, or the boundary of any three dimensional solid. In general, a surface is a continuous boundary dividing a three dimensional space into two regions. For example, the surface of a sphere separates the interior from the exterior a horizontal plane separates the half plane above it from the half plane below. Surfaces are often called by the names of the regions they enclose, but a surface is essentially two dimensional and has an area, while the region it encloses is three dimensional and has a volume. The attributes of surfaces, and in particular the idea of curvature, are investigated in differential geometry.



http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/graphics/goldbunny.jpg

HA7 - Mesh Construction

Polygon Modelling

In 3D animation, a polygon is the exact same thing, only these polygons are connected to build your 3D model. Individual polygons are stitched together along the sides or at the vertex points to create the full model. Think of it as putting together puzzle pieces to create a whole, except that rather than seeing a printed image on the pieces, you're instead forming a whole other three-dimensional shape whose boundaries and volume are defined by smaller two-dimensional shapes. Polygons are the wrapper on the chocolate Easter bunny; the candy coating on your m&ms. More polygons in a model can mean more detail and smoother renders, but it can also mean longer render times and more problems caused by overlapping lines and vertices.


https://jdwiden.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/fig2-6.jpg

Primitive Modelling

A common set of two-dimensional primitives includes lines, points, and polygons, although some people prefer to consider triangles primitives, because every polygon can be constructed from triangles. All other graphic elements are built up from these primitives. In three dimensions, triangles or polygons positioned in three-dimensional space can be used as primitives to model more complex 3D forms. In some cases, curves such as Bezier curves, circles, etc.. may be considered primitives; in other cases, curves are complex forms created from many straight, primitive shapes.

Commonly used geometric primitives include:

• points
• lines and line segments
• planes
• circles and ellipses
• triangles and other polygons
• spline curves
• spheres
• cubes or boxes
• toroids
• cylinders
• pyramids

http://southerngfx.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/primitives.png

An example of primitive modelling when I made a camera out of it with simple and basic shapes:


This was my first creation on 3d modelling, making a simple box camera. A classic vintage camera, I gave it that effect on having a vintage camera yet having that simple boxes, cylinder shapes and extruded some shapes to create that, overall I found it quite interesting specially figuring out how to control the basics of it.

Box Modelling

A 3D modelling technique in which the artist begins with a low-resolution primitive typically a cube or sphere and modifies the shape by extruding, scaling, or rotating faces and edges. Detail is added to a 3D primitive either by manually adding edge loops, or by subdividing the entire surface uniformly to increase polygonal resolution by an order of magnitude.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/BoxModelingIntro_Form.jpg/511px-BoxModelingIntro_Form.jpg

Again I made my own box modelling with the hammer and simple box tardis:




This gave me an idea and made my own box modelling hammer with textures and having that initiative to create something different like a box tardis, since I got a hang on know how the software works I worked independantly on creating the textures my own following a step by step, I thought that the outcome for both of these textures went really well considering it was quite hard at first figuring out the size of the objects are but after that I was pretty much straightforward on making the object and making it more detailed.

Extrusion Modelling

 This is a common modelling method that is also sometimes referred to as inflation modelling. In this method of modelling, you could create a 2D shape which traces the outline of a photograph or a drawing. This would be done more commonly using the line tool, because of its simplicity and because it is so easy to work with and create things with it. You then use a second image of the subject from a different angle and extrudes the 2D shape into a 3D shape by following the shape’s outline again. This method is common for creating faces and heads in modelling, and artists will generally model half of the head and duplicate the vertices, invert their location relative to a plane and connect the two pieces to ensure that the model would then be symmetrical. This method is widely used by 3D artists because of it being so practical, quick and simple.


http://sillord.free.fr/wip/tutotopology/textrusion_fichiers/boxtohead.jpg

I've done my own extrusion modelling from a rifle gun:






This software was made in modeler and this had multiple ways on creating 3d and having that effect of a weapon, it could even be furniture's, with the outcome it turned out really well I thought and it gives that detail of the weapon, you could add textures to that to make it even stand out as a weapon itself.

Sketch Modelling

Sketch based modelling is a method of creating 3D models for use in 3D computer graphics applications. Sketch based modelling is differentiated from other types of 3D modelling by its interface instead of creating a 3D model by directly editing polygons, the user draws a 2D shape which is converted to 3D automatically by the application.

3D Scanners

3D scanners are used to scan real life 3D objects to get them in a virtual space which then can be changed to anything the artists wants. Since these scanners and all equipment needed are expensive these are only used by researchers and other industry professionals at the moment. But there are some cheaper 3D scanners for home use but they are not as accurate as in the industry 3D scanners.

http://www.globalspec.com/ImageRepository/LearnMore/20126/cu3new_microscribe37c831ec775f4ed7ae112abc337a11d9.png

HA7 - 3D Development Software

3D Studio Max

Customize, collaborate and create 3D content quickly with 3D's Max 3D modelling, animation and rendering software. It's packed with brand-new, user-requested features and enhancements for entertainment and design professionals. Desktop Subscription gives you access to the latest updates and releases, 1 on 1 web support, priority support in the forums, flexible licensing and more.

http://www.simlab-soft.com/Simlabimages/sketchup-importer-for-3ds-max/sketchup-importer-3ds-max-screenshot-2b.jpg

Auto CAD

AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer-aided drafting software application used in architecture, construction and manufacturing to assist in the preparation of blueprints and other engineering plans. Professionals who use AutoCAD are often referred to as drafters. While drafters work in a number of specialties, the six most common specialization areas are mechanical drafting, architectural drafting, civil drafting, electrical drafting, electronics drafting and aeronautical drafting.

http://caps1.vipmerkezi.net/images/2013/06/03/url.png

Auto desk MAYA

Maya is an animation and modelling program used to create three dimensional 3D full motion effects. Maya incorporates the natural laws of physics to control the behavior of virtual objects in computer animation. Maya can produce videos that are more life like than has been possible with less sophisticated programs. Versions are available for both IBM compatible and Macintosh operating systems. Until the development of Maya and similar programs such as Fizt realistic rendering of certain natural effects, such as smoke blowing in a breeze, the rotation of clouds and dust in a tornado, or the sag and movement of clothing caused by gravity, was difficult or impossible to achieve. In addition to simulating the movements of objects and particles, Maya makes it possible to portray emotions in animated characters by enhancing facial expressions and the realism of body language.

3D Light wave

LightWave 3D combines a state of the art rendered with powerful, intuitive modeling, and animation tools. Tools that may cost extra in other professional 3D applications are part of the product package, including 999 free cross platform render nodes, support for Windows and Mac UB 64 and 32 bit operating systems, free technical support and more. LightWave is enjoyed worldwide, as a complete 3D production solution for feature film and television visual effects, broadcast design, print graphics, visualization, game development, and Web. LightWave is responsible for more artists winning Emmy Awards than any other 3D application.

https://www.lightwave3d.com/overview/

HA7 - Constraints

Polygon Count and File Size

Their are lots of advantages to making 3D graphics compared to 2D graphics, however their are limitations to making 3D graphics which might not occur in 2D. For example, when creating 3D graphics you have to consider your poly count Your poly count is the amount of poly’s being rendered per frame, you render your 3D graphics in a wire frame state first rather than shaded because it is much quicker. The poly’s are what make up the 3D object and the more complex and detailed the object the higher the poly count will be.

Another problem with having a high poly count is that the file size will be very high, an this general means you will need a high quality CPU (Central processing unit) to render your work. The better the CPU the more poly’s it can handle and render at once so this gives you quicker work pace but this type of high end equipment has a high end price tag and is expensive so not everyone can afford this type of equipment.

Rendering Time

Rendering an animation can be very time consuming and take hours. Their are ways of avoiding this when you just want to render your animation so you can test the motion and tweak it to the way you want. When you just want test this you should turn off everything that isn't necessary and will slow down the process like all the detailed shading or hide all environmental objects that are not needed. These techniques can reduce rendering times by a lot.

Fixes

There is solutions on reducing the amounts of vram and on it being used is the games that are in lower resolution settings and the lower resolution is more less pix-elated on the screen that is shown and shows that less time that needs to be rendered.

The lower size textures in the games nowadays are the more of a lower graphics type of game with the quality of it this will make it run faster with lower quality but this isn't possible on all consoles as they are mostly set for a graphic option where you can adjust the settings for it.

Real Time Rendering

Real-time rendering is one of the interactive areas of computer graphics, it means creating synthetic images fast enough on the computer so that the viewer can interact with a virtual environment. The most common place to find real-time rendering is in video games. The rate at which images are displayed is measured in frames per second frame/s or hertz Hz. The frame rate is the measurement of how quickly an imaging device produces unique consecutive images.

HA8 - Schedule

Sidekick Robot Time Schedule

Week 1

No other changes with the timeline, working at a good pace.

Week 2

Still no changes or slight delay, still working at a good rate.

Week 3

There are no changes that I need for this week as well, continuing still next week.

Week 4

Again still no need for any changes this week.

Week 5

I made some changes throughout the end I was ahead and finished the rest by this week, by completing the sidekick robot and presented it. Then completed the review by going through over all of my work to show what I've done.

HA8 - Research

Research

HA8 - Ideas Generation

Mind Map

This is where I tried put my ideas on what my robot side kick might look like and imagine the aspects of it for an overall design.

HA8 - Design Pack

Design 1

From my first design I had inspiration for the marvel superhero iron man with that I had a human body form with a robotic type of head arms and body I drawn the character on how I imagine it would look like and if it would stand well together.

Design 2

On my second design I got the inspiration from the film Wall-E this was the side kick called Eve on the film I made some adjustments by changing the eyes so it wouldn't look similar I drawn this also with the similarity aspects on what my second robot side kick will be. 

HA8 - Production

Production Log

Week 1  - Research Ideas

I had different ideas on what to do, many ideas on what a robot will look like but I tried going for a simple but catchy robot with basic features I didn't try and make it look too complicated. I did some research on what my robot influenced me on the features about it on how interesting the concept art is.

These are the robots images that I took to show what inspirited me by making that type of character:

These robots helped me to make my own idea on what my robot will look like and the creativity that I found was more of a helper with a sidekick robot similar within these pictures. With that, that led me on making a mind map on what the aspects of my character will have and looks etc.. 

Week 2 - Designing 

For the second week I had to choose on which drawing of the sidekick I want then I chose my second one because of it, it really stood out well making him a servant and helper by making him look like more of a sidekick. My second and final design was mix between iron man and eve from wall-e I had the body and looks from eve then eyes from iron man. I mixed both of them together and though it would look something different.

Week 3 & 4 - Modeler Design & Presentation

Then on modeler I manage to make it using basic tools with basic shapes to make the side kick that I wanted on light wave by adding each detail and also adding new features like the chest piece for my character on modeler.

Then I finished my design on modeler I finish initiating it and seeing if I missed anything out, overall I thought I did okay with the drawings and making of the robot, I was happy with the design on the outcome on what it looks like I think it looks really good I could have improved it by taking my time and not rushing it also making it more depth and detailed, I was a bit disappointed but in the end I was left with a finish design on my side kick robot.

Then I took some images using the software light wave then I used the pre-rendered background that I got from moodle, I also loaded my sidekick robot to a rendered scene.

After that I had to select surface editor so I could change some aspects on what my sidekick might look like, I tested out with some different colours and I had to choose which one will stand out and look better so I ended up with this.

Then I set up a camera position using the timeline, each time I move the timeline the position of the camera changes on where I set the camera.

After all that I just press F9 to show the rendered image with a finished product.

Week 5 - Review

On this week I was spending my time writing my review that I talked about the things that I could have done better and improved on in my timeline, my finished sidekick robot overall on all the process of making the robot I found it okay and enjoy making it and felt good with my finished product.